Psychiatric Manifestation in a Child with Uraemia: A Case Report

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OT Adedoyin
PO Ajiboye
OO Adesiyun
OA Adegboye
OP Fatoye

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Abstract

An adequate renal function is required for normal mental function. Hence deterioration in renal function could result in neuropsychiatric effects ranging from subtle, nonspecific changes to gross distinct abnormalities. [1]  When there is a severe reduction in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) either acutely or chronically, uraemic encephalopathy occurs [2]. The rate at which uraemic encephalopathy develops is proportional to the rate at which GFR falls. Acute renal failure precipitates a rapid and florid failure of mentation, whereas, in chronic renal failure, it slowly evolves. [3] All aspects of psychic can be affected including cognition, psychomotor activity and personality. [4] However, the overt personality disorder manifesting in neuropsychiatric disorder are not often seen. The few that have been reported have been in adults. We, therefore, report a 15-year-old child who presented with features suggestive of nephrotic syndrome which later progressed to acute renal failure and subsequently developed neuropsychiatric symptoms in the course of the uraemia

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