Prevalence of Anaemia and other Haematologic Derangements in End Stage Renal Disease Patients in the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital

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Friday Samuel Wokoma
Pedro Chimezie Emem-Chioma

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Abstract

(CKD), especially end stage renal disease (ESRD). Anaemia is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in CKD. The prevalence of anaemia and other haematologic derangements in the population of ESRD patients at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching hospital (UPTH) is not known. The objective of the study is to determine the prevalence of anaemia and other haematologic derangements in dialysis naive end stage renal disease patients in the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital. A retrospective analysis of the haematologic indices of pre-dialysis end stage kidney disease patients at the UPTH from January to December 2007 was done. There were seventy patients, 50 males, 20 females (M/F= 2.5:1), mean age of 44  +17.0(18-85) years and mean e-GFR of 7.1  +2.1(3.5-10.8)mls/min. They had a mean haematocrit of 22.8  +3.1(10-38) percent, mean haemoglobin concentration of 8.8 +3.1(3.3-16)g/dl. Others were mean ESR, 93.1 +45.1(7-136)mm/hr, mean peripheral total leukocyte count 7,533.5  + 3,949.6(2,499-18,800)/m and a mean platelet count 145,000 +66,500.1 (60,000-240,000)./mm3. Anemia was the dominant haematologic abnormality occurring in 66(94.3%) patients. Moderate to severe anaemia occurred in 58 (82.9%) of the patients, 6 (8.6%) had haemoglobin levels within normal range. Twelve patients (17%) had leukocytosis and 2(2.9%) had leukopenia. Peripheral blood film showed evidence of iron deficiency and some abnormal cells. The e-GFR of the patients showed positive correlation with haematocrit (r= +0.2) and haemoglobin(r= +0.1) level respectively. Blood urea and serum creatinine showed negative correlation with haematocrit(r = -0.2) and haemoglobin concentration(r = -0.2) respectively. In conclusion, we found that anaemia was the dominant haematologic abnormality in dialysis naive end stage renal disease patients in the University of Port Harcourt Teaching hospital. Both haematocrit and haemoglobin levels showed positive correlation with e-GFR. The findings are consistent with previous studies. Considering that anaemia is a risk factor for morbidity and mortality in ESRD patients, there is need for increased attention to the correction of anaemia in ESRD patients in Nigeria and other resource poor countries

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