Chronic Kidney Disease, Mineral Bone Disorder: Review and Appraisal

Main Article Content

OO Okunola
A Akinsola

Keywords

Abstract

To review the available literature on mineral and bone disorders in patients with chronic kidney disease with the aim of promoting a better understanding of the concepts of divalent ions bone disorders. It also aims to highlight new trends in the definition and management, with emphasis on recent treatment strategies focusing on molecular targets. as well as the emerging knowledge of this condition in our local practice. A literature search was done on chronic kidney diseasemineral bone disease, pathogenesis and treatment strategies using the electronic database; MEDLINE, EMBASE, OVID, Google Internet search engines (for local websites and medical journals ) and relevant textbooks. Mineral bone disorder is one of the major complications in patients with chronic kidney disease. Normally in people with healthy kidneys, normal serum levels of phosphorus and calcium are maintained through the interaction of parathyroid hormones(PTH) and 1,25 (OH)2D3 (calcitriol), the active metabolite of vitamin D3. However, in Chronic Kidney Disease, this interaction is deranged. This could result in various types of bone diseases viz high turnover bone disease (osteitis fibrosa cystica) , low bone turnover disease or a mixed variety. The clinical features could be asymptomatic initially, but could later manifest as myopathy and bone pains with an increased risk of fractures and metastatic calcification of soft tissues including lungs, kidneys and joints. Cardiovascular
Chronic Kidney Disease, Mineral Bone Disorder: Review and Appraisal
Okunola OO1 and Akinsola A2 1Nephrology Unit, Department of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, LAUTECH, Osogbo. Osun State, Nigeria. 2Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife,Nigeria
complications are among the common causes of morbidity and mortality. In Nigeria, It was formerly thought to be rare due to the tropical diet and also the fact that due to lack of renal replacement therapy, patients with CKD did not live long enough to develop mineral bone disease. However, with more centres offering renal replacement therapy and more patients on long term haemodialytic support and the attendant better chances of survival, cases of CKD-MBD are increasingly being seen in our practice. Mineral bone disorders are a major complication of chronic kidney disease and the incidence of its attendant complications is increasing globally. Early recognition and detection and aggressive treatment with prescribed diets and medications must be pursued.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.