Risk Factors for Cognitive Impairment among CKD Patients in Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto

Abstract

ABSTRACT
Introduction: The association between cognitive
impairment and chronic kidney disease has been
documented. Cognitive impairment in CKD may
affect adherence to treatment, including diet,
medications and quality of life, furthermore, it is an
independent risk factor for mortality. Hence the need
to identify risk factors for cognitive impairment among
CKD patient in our study.
Methods: All consecutively seen, eligible and
consenting CKD patients 18 years with no barrier
to Neuropsychological assessments were recruited
between June – August, 2019. Structured proforma
was used for data collection including the Montreal
Cognitive Assessment tool (MoCA). SPSS version
20.0 was used for data analysis.
Results: 40 participants were recruited with M:F ratio
of 3:1. Mean age was 45.03±12.89 years. 89.7% of
the CKD patients were cognitively impaired using
MoCA scores of 26 as cut off. Significant difference
was seen in the MoCA scores of cognitively impaired
compared to cognitively normal patients. (17.69±3.28
and 27.75±1.26; p = < 0.001). BMI and systolic blood
pressure were found to be associated with cognitive
impairment (p = 0.004 and p = 0.047 respectively).
No association was found with waist circumference,
diastolic blood pressure, aetiology of CKD, duration
of diagnosis of CKD and eGFR.

Conclusion: Cognitive impairment may be common
in our CKD patients and its assessment with emphasis
on risk factors should form part of evaluation of all
CKD patients.