Indices of Kidney Damage in Nigeria: A Survey of 8077 Subjects in the Six Geopolitical Zones of the Country

Main Article Content

J O Awobusuyi
O Bakare
A Dada
U Adamu
A Udobang
E Effa
I Ummate
A Uwakwem
T Umeizudike
A Amisu
A Adekoya
M Makursidi
H M Limman
P Adegun

Keywords

Kidney damage, prevalence rates, standardization, community health screening

Abstract

Introduction: Community diagnosis and identification of health problems in societies are crucial, as they enable the estimation of disease burden in any community. Desirable as community screening exercises are, multi-centre country wide screening exercises are rarely carried out in developing nations because of the financial and manpower implications.

Objectives: This article describes the findings from a large scale community health screening project by the MTN - Foundation in collaboration with Nigerian Association of Nephrology.

Materials and method: Eight thousand and seventy seven (8077) participants were screened over a three- year period in the six geopolitical zones of the Federation.

Results: Three thousand five hundred and ninety (44.45%) were males while 4487(55.55%) were females (M: F = 1:1.2). The mean age of the participants was 40.12±13.54 years. The crude

prevalence rate of kidney damage (Proteinuria, haematuria or reduced eGFR) was 23.47% with proteinuria occurring in 88.34% of the participants with kidney damage. Statistically significant differences were found in the crude prevalence rates of Kidney damage when age groups, gender, social class and zones were compared. However, when adjusted for age, the prevalence of kidney injury was observed to be similar in all the zones. A 36-52% likelihood of development of kidney damage was also observed in patients with risk factors of kidney disease; namely hypertension, diabetes, obesity and a positive family history of kidney disease.

Conclusion: It was conclusion the crude prevalence rate of kidney damage in Nigeria was found to be 23.47%. This was not substantially different in the six geopolitical zones of the federation when age adjusted rates were compared. It was recommend that age-adjusted standardization of prevalence rates of kidney disease, using the 2006 national census population figures may be more informative and would enable comparability of results from the various communities of the country.

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