Clinical Outcomes of Acute Kidney Injury in Federal Medical Center Owo: Patterns and Determinants

Abstract

Introduction: Acute Kidney injury (AKI) is a serious
disorder of kidney function associated with prolonged
hospital stay and mortality. The differences seen
between developed and developing countries in the
epidemiologic pattern of AKI include, the individuals
affected, the etiology of AKI, the setting in which
AKI occurs, the modalities of renal replacement
therapy available, and the patient outcomes
Methods: We present a retrospective 3 year review
of AKI patients admitted to a tertiary level hospital,
Federal Medical Center. The medical records of all
adult patients admitted during the period from January
1st, 2018 to December 31st, 2020 were extracted
and reviewed for the presence or diagnosis of AKI.
Acute kidney injury was defined in accordance with
Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcome
(KDIGO) guidelines. The medical records of 86
patients with AKI were reviewed. About a quarter
of the studied population (26.1%) died in the course
of the treatment.
Results: Dialysis treated AKI patients contributed
to >70% of the population. 45.3% of our patients
who had dialysis-requiring AKI and survived did
recover sufficient kidney function to become dialysis
independent over a short period of time. Age is a
significant predictor of mortality in this study. Serum
creatinine, hyponatremia and elevated blood pressures
are also predictors of mortality and progression to
CRF in this study.                                                                                                                                        Conclusion: Our data highlight the public health
importance of AKI and the need for adequate
resources for Nephrology.