PREVALENCE AND CLINICAL PRESENTATION OF CYSTIC KIDNEY DISEASES AT LAGOS STATE UNIVERSITY TEACHING HOSPITAL

Abstract

Background: Cystic kidney diseases are an important cause of Chronic Kidney Disease ( CKD), contributing about 10% to the burden of End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD). The prevalence of different types of renal cysts tends to vary with age with simple renal cysts and autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) having a higher prevalence with increasing age. Studies on cystic diseases of the kidneys are however few in our environment. Objective: To determine the prevalence of cystic kidney diseases seen over a six year period in Lagos state University Teaching Hospital (LASUTH) and describe the patterns observed. Methodology: Retrospective crossectional study involving all patients with cystic kidney diseases seen at the medical outpatient department of the nephrology unit between Octo ber 2008 and October 2014. Data were obtained from the unit’s record files and patients case files. Data collected included, patients age, gender, type of cyst, presentation, complications. The diagnosis was made by abdominal ultrasonography and or computerised tomography (CT) scan. Results: A total of 37 out of 1524 patients w ith renal diseases seen during the period had cystic kidney disease (2.4%). The age range was 14-76years with a mean of 45.2 years. A slight female preponderance was noted with a male: female ratio of 1: 1.2. The types of cysts seen were: autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (48.6%), simple cysts (45.9 %), multicystic dysplastic kidney disease (2. 7%) and medullary cystic kidney disease (2. 7%). The most common presentation was abdominal pain (48.6%), followed by incidental finding (32.4%), Hypertension (27%)and Renal failure (19%). 5% presented with an abdominal mass, while 2.7% presented with haematuria. Conclusion: Cystic kidney diseases, though constituted only a small proportion of patients seen during the study period, is still an important cause of morbidity in patients attending ng our renal clinic. A high index of suspicion is needed for diagnosis.