Risk Factors for Chronic Kidney Disease: Report of a Preventive Screening Programme Conducted in an Unselected Urban Population in South West Nigeria

Abstract

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major health problem worldwide with rising prevalence resulting in high morbidity and mortality and high cost of treatment. Diabetes and hypertension are the most common
cause of CKD world wide. Therefore early detection
and treatment of these conditions through community
based prevention programmes will help in reducing
the burden ofCKD. The objective of this study
was to determine the prevalence of CKD risk factors
in an urban community in a developing country.
Free prevention screening programme was carried
out in Lagos, a large urban community in South-west,
Nigeria. Blood pressure, random blood sugar tests
and urinalysis (urine dipstick) were carried out among
the respondents. Hypertension was detected in 36.3%
(514) of the population, 2.6% (3~) were diabetic and
28.9% (338) had overt proteinuria; 287 (20.3%) had
grade 1 and 227 (16%) grade 2 hypertension respectively.
After age-adjustment, prevalence rate of hypertension
was highest in the 45-54 year age group
while diabetes was highest in the 75-84 years age
stratum.Hypertension and proteinuria are prevalent
in the community and this could account for the rising
prevalence of CKD in the community, Our findings
calls for the setting up of a comprehensive CKD
screening prevention programme in the country like
is done in other developing countries of the world.